History

Americans descended from African forebears, usually those enslaved and brought to the USA before the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation.

Though best known for founding and leading the American Red Cross in the late nineteenth century, Clara Barton contributed all of her energies to helping the Union soldiers during the Civil War—from the arrival of the first soldiers in Washington, DC, in April 1861, through the war's aftermath and the grim task of identifying the unknown war dead.

American statesman, President of the Southern Confederacy.

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was a visionary, strategic organizer, and prolific writer who tirelessly advocated, and often agitated, for racial, economic, and gender equality as well as peace with social justice.

US millionaire industrialist and philanthropist; He was the founder of Standard Oil in 1870, from which were descended four of the world's largest oil companies - Amoco, Chevron, Exxon, and Mobil.

1820–91, Union general in the American Civil War; Sherman is said by many to be the greatest of the Civil War generals.

US antislavery and women's-suffrage campaigner; A former slave, she ran away and became involved with religious groups.

US abolitionist; Born a slave in Maryland, she escaped to Philadelphia (where slavery was outlawed) in 1849. She helped set up the Underground Railroad.

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
It was the site of a Confederate military prison in 1864–65 during the American Civil War. Notorious for its dreadful conditions, it provided only makeshift shelter for the Union prisoners, more than one-fourth of whom died.

Fortification, built 1829–60, on a shoal at the entrance to the harbor of Charleston, S.C., and named for Gen. Thomas Sumter; scene of the opening engagement of the Civil War.

A state on the SE coast of the USA. A supporter of the Confederate cause in the US Civil War, it suffered considerable damage during Gen Sherman's March to the Sea (1864).

Name commonly given to the Confederate States of America (1861-65), the government established by the Southern states of the United States after their secession from the Union.

Capital and seaport of Virginia, on the James River, 336 km/209 mi from its mouth on the Atlantic, 160 km/100 mi south of Washington, DC; population (2000 est) 197,800. It is a major tobacco market and a distribution, commercial, and financial center for the surrounding region.

Important series of battles in the American Civil War in Georgia (May-September 1864).

The first battle of Bull Run (or first battle of Manassas) was the first major engagement of the Civil War.

The Union Conscription Act of Mar. 3, 1863, provided that all able-bodied males between the ages of 20 and 45 were liable to military service.

Site of one of the decisive battles of the American Civil War: a Confederate defeat by Union forces 1-3 July 1863.

In the American Civil War, a series of engagements (May–June, 1864) fought in the Wilderness region of Virginia. Early in May, 1864, the Northern commander in chief, Grant, led the Army of the Potomac (118,000 strong) across the Rapidan River into the Wilderness, a wild and tangled woodland c.10 mi (16 km) W of Fredericksburg.

During the American Civil War, successful Confederate campaign June-July 1862 to drive back Union forces threatening Richmond, Virginia.

Incident in the diplomatic relations between the United States and Great Britain, which occurred during the American Civil War.

Argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1856–57; It involved the then bitterly contested issue of the status of slavery in the federal territories.

US Supreme Court decision of 1857 which denied ‘blacks’ (African Americans) US citizenship and made slavery legal in all US territories.

Speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln on Nov. 19, 1863, at the dedication of the national cemetery on the Civil War battlefield of Gettysburg, Pa.; It is one of the most famous and most quoted of modern speeches.

The first Ku Klux Klan was an organization that thrived in the South during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War.

1865–77, in U.S. history, the period of readjustment following the Civil War.

Term used by Americans generally in reference to a native of New England and by non-Americans, especially the British, in reference to an American of any section.